新疆西昆仑山豆科植物区系分析

通过野外实地考察和标本资料,研究表明:新疆西昆仑山豆科植物共计有7族12属67种,分别占新疆豆科属、种总数的25.53%和15.51%。该区豆科植物多生于山地,区系中单种属(6属)和寡种属(4属)共计10属,所占比例较高,但多种属(棘豆、黄耆)2属含47种,分别占属、种总数的16.67%和70.15%,优势明显。植物生活型以地面芽植物(多年生草本)为优势,有55种,占82.09%;其他1啊生植物、灌木、半灌木、垫状灌木合12种,共占17.91%,有一定的适应性。该区豆科植物属的地理成分具明显的温带性质,其区系中温带及含温带分布的属有10属,占总属数的83.33%。本区与帕米尔高原豆科共有属有11属,属的相似性系数高达73.33%,表明两地豆科植物关系密切;而与喀喇昆仑山的相似性系数较低,5个共有属集中于高海拔区,表明两地高海拔区有较密切联系。     

自制中药颗粒剂对腹泻仔猪小肠黏膜病理结构及养分消化率的影响

为了研究自制中药复方颗粒剂对腹泻仔猪小肠黏膜组织结构和营养消化率的影响,试验选用人工感染大肠埃希菌引起腹泻的28日龄断奶的杜长大仔猪36头,随机均分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头。抗生素治疗组在饮水中添加盐酸林可霉素2.0 m L/头饮水,2次/d,连续5 d;中药复方颗粒剂治疗组在饮水中添加2.0 g/头饮水,2次/d,连续5 d。分别于用药后14 d时,每组每个重复随机抽取1头屠宰,无菌采集小肠黏膜,通过石蜡切片和HE染色观测小肠黏膜病理组织学变化。其余仔猪继续饲养14 d,采用内源指示剂法进行消化试验。结果显示,小肠黏膜组织结构:中药复方颗粒剂治疗组小肠黏膜除有少量出血外,未发现明显病理变化。抗生素治疗组小肠黏膜脱落,有广泛充血、出血;黏膜上皮细胞变性坏死;嗜酸性粒细胞浸润,有大量以淋巴细胞杯状细胞为主的炎性细胞浸润;微绒毛排列紊乱、脱落;细胞受损严重,线粒体等细胞器结构异常。养分消化率:对于有机物质、磷的消化率,各组之间无显著差异,中药复方颗粒剂治疗组对钙的消化率为57.10%,显著高于抗生素治疗组(56.10%),并与健康仔猪组(57.40%)差异不显著。中药复方颗粒剂治疗组对粗蛋白质的消化率为79.30%,显著高于抗生素治疗组(78.50%),并与健康仔猪组(79.20%)差异不显著。中药复方颗粒剂治疗组对粗纤维的消化率为48.30%,极显著高于抗生素治疗组(46.10%),并与健康仔猪组(48.20%)差异不显著。中药复方颗粒剂治疗组对粗脂肪的消化率为63.40%,极显著高于抗生素治疗组(62.10%),并与健康仔猪组(63.60%)差异不显著。结论:抗生素治疗仔猪腹泻造成小肠黏膜明显的病理变化和功能障碍,而中药治疗有利于仔猪小肠黏膜组织结构的修复,并能显著提高小肠的养分消化率。为防治仔猪腹泻、提高仔猪的生长性能提供依据。     

马肠道微生物组成及影响因素的研究进展

马肠道微生物群对其营养消化及维持机体健康具有重要作用,肠道不同部位的微生物具有不同功能,易受到各种因素的影响。马肠道正常微生物群结构遭到破坏,可导致肠道微生物失衡和机体功能紊乱,进而引起多种疾病。介绍了马肠道不同部位的微生物群结构组成特征,阐述了影响马肠道微生物群变化的各类因素,以期为改善马肠道营养健康、开发马健康监测和疾病预防工具提供科学依据,也为马肠道微生物研究提供新的视角。     

河南省郏县红牛肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解河南省郏县红牛肠道寄生虫感染情况，采用卢戈氏碘液染色法、饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法对河南省郏县地区某红牛养殖场及散养红牛的218份新鲜粪便样本进行了检查，结果发现寄生虫总感染率为66.5%，共检出4种肠道寄生虫，其中球虫、圆线虫、鞭虫和绦虫感染率分别为61.5%、2.3%、6.9%和7.8%，混合感染率为11.5%，阳性粪便中虫卵或卵囊感染强度以轻度感染为主。结果表明，河南省郏县红牛肠道寄生虫感染较为普遍，应加强其肠道寄生虫病的防治。     

健康家兔肠道中乳酸菌的分离鉴定

本试验选用MRS、MRS+10%家兔硬粪浸出液和MRS+10%泡菜汁3种选择培养基,对健康家兔肠道的乳酸菌群分别进行需氧和厌氧培养,根据可培养细菌菌落特征、染色特性、显微镜形态观测,共分离出7株乳酸菌株,其中需氧菌2株,厌氧菌5株。结合生化试验初步鉴定,需氧菌株分别为乳酸乳球菌和短乳杆菌,厌氧菌株分别为嗜酸乳杆菌,嗜粪乳杆菌,肠乳杆菌,乳酸乳杆菌和弯曲乳杆菌。本实验为弄清健康家兔肠道的有益菌群,以便下一步制作更易于在畜禽的肠道中定植存活的复合动物微生态制剂做准备。     

Effects of dietary methionine hydroxy analogue supplement on growth,protein deposition and intestinal enzymes activities of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

A total of 900 juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) (8.24 ± 0.03 g) were fed practical diets containing graded levels of methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) (0, 5.1, 7.6, 10.2, 12.7 and 15.3 g kg^?1 diet) for 60 days to investigate the effects of MHA on growth, protein deposition and intestinal enzymes activities. Per cent weight gain (PWG) significantly increased with increasing levels of MHA up to a point (P < 0.05), and thereafter declined. Feed efficiency was the highest when MHA level was at 5.1 g kg^?1 diet. Feed intake (FI) significantly enhanced with dietary MHA level up to a point (P < 0.05), beyond which it plateaued. Patterns of differences in protein production value, lipid production value, intestosomatic index, folds height, lipase, chymotrypsin, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase, creatinekinase, glutamate‐oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate‐pyruvate transaminase activities were the same as that in PWG, whereas the trend of plasma ammonia content was opposite. Hepatopancreas protein content, trypsin and amylase activities followed the same trend as that of FI. The optimal supplemental level of MHA for fish meal and miscellaneous meals–based diet (6.9 g methionine kg^?1 diet) for PWG was 8.2 g kg^?1 diet by the quadratic regression analysis.     

水通道蛋白在调节肠道健康中的作用

水通道蛋白是一类可以高效选择性转运水分子的细胞膜通道蛋白,广泛分布于人和哺乳动物的胃肠道组织中,在机体液体转运和消化生理中发挥重要作用。本文总结了水通道蛋白的结构、分类及其在人、鼠类和仔猪胃肠道系统的表达和分布情况,并阐述了水通道蛋白与腹泻、肠上皮细胞迁移与修复、肠道屏障功能和肠道炎症相关疾病等过程的关系及其作用。     

表皮生长因子在动物肠道无机离子及其他营养物质吸收中的作用

表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)是生长因子家族成员之一,具有促进细胞生长、细胞迁移、细胞增殖、伤口愈合、骨骼愈合以及营养物质转运等生物学功能。大量研究表明EGF对钠离子、氯离子、镁离子、无机磷、葡萄糖、谷氨酰胺、小肽、5-羟色胺等物质的转运具有促进作用。本文旨在概述EGF对营养物质转运的影响,为EGF在动物生产上的应用提供参考。     

Effects of dietary pyridoxine on disease resistance,immune responses and intestinal microflora in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary pyridoxine on disease resistance, immune responses and intestinal microflora of fish. A total of 1050 Jian carp (11.71 ± 0.05 g) were randomly distributed into seven groups, feeding diets containing graded levels of pyridoxine (0.2, 1.7, 3.2, 5.0, 6.3, 8.6 and 12.4 mg kg^?1 diet). After 80 days of feeding, a challenge trial was conducted by injection of Aeromonas hydrophila for 17 days. Results indicated that with increasing dietary pyridoxine concentration up to 5.0 mg kg^?1 diet, survival rate after challenge with A.hydrophila and phagocytic activity of leukocyte were improved (P < 0.05), and plateaued thereafter (P > 0.05). Red blood cell and white blood cell counts were lowest when fed the diet containing 1.7 mg pyridoxine kg^?1 diet. Haemagglutination titre, lysozyme activity, acid phosphatase activity, total iron‐binding capacity, antibody titre and immunoglobulin M content followed the similar pattern to that observed with survival rate. Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus counts in intestine were not affected by dietary pyridoxine concentration (P > 0.05). These results suggested that pyridoxine could enhance immune response of fish.     

陕西观音山自然保护区生物多样性区系分析

2008年至今,课题组对陕西观音山自然保护区生物多样性进行了深入的调查,并结合相关文献,对该区生物多样性区系进行了初步研究,结果表明:观音山自然保护区有野生脊椎动物250种,昆虫954种,种子植物1 326种,蕨类植物92种,真菌183种.本区脊椎动物区系以东洋界成分占主导地位,并且种的地理成分复杂,是南北动物区系的过...